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In Indian languages, most of whose alphabets are abugidas (q.v.), the solfege is written with the characters for Sa, Ri, Ga, Pa, Da and Ni. The Carnatic solfege in different scripts
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A raga may have five, six or seven notes on the way up, and five, six or seven notes on the way down. In one scale, or ragam, there is usually only one variant of each note present, except in "light" ragas, such as Behag, in which, for artistic effect, there may be two, one on the way up (in the arohanam) and another on the way down (in the avarohanam). The exceptions are shadjam and panchamam (the tonic and the dominant in Western music), which have only one form, and madhyamam, which has only two forms (the subdominant). Unlike other music systems, each member of the solfege (called a swara) may have up to three variants. madhyamam, panchamam, dhaivatam and nishadam. These names are abbreviations of the longer names shadjam, rishabham, gandharam. The solfege of Carnatic music is "sa-ri-ga-ma-pa-da-ni" (compare with the Hindustani sargam: sa- re-ga-ma-pa- dha-ni). Traditionally, there are twenty-two śrutis in Carnatic music, but over the years several of them have converged, so that now they are but the chromatic scale. Śruti in Indian music is the rough equivalent of a tonic (or less precisely key) in Western music it is the note from which all the others are derived.
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Template:Indianclassicalmusic Theory Śruti (శ్రుతి) Thus the term carnatic music was used to denote South Indian music. This name was used to refer to the region between the Eastern Ghats and the Coromandel Coast encompassing much of what is called today as South India. From the 13 th century onwards, there was a divergence in the forms of Indian music - the northern style being influenced by Arabic music (yet there are both Hindu and Muslim songs in Hindustani music.)Ĭarnatic music is named after the Southern region of the Indian subcontinent named by western colonists as Carnatic. It grew, along with Hindustani music, out of the Sama Veda tradition, until the Islamic invasions of North India in the late 12 th and early 13 th century. Carnatic music, whose foundations lie as far back as 2000BCE, began as a spiritual ritual of early Hinduism.